Goorma ayaa muraayadaha indhaha runtii la ikhtiraacay?
In kasta oo ilo badan ay sheegayaan in muraayadaha indhaha la ikhtiraacay 1317, fikradda muraayadaha indhaha waxay bilaabantay 1000 BC Ilo wareedyo qaar ayaa sidoo kale sheegaya in Benjamin Franklin uu ikhtiraacay muraayadaha indhaha, inkastoo uu ikhtiraacay bifocals, haddana hal-abuurahan caanka ah laguma tirin karo inuu guud ahaan sameeyay muraayadaha indhaha.
Dunida oo 60% dadku ay u baahan yihiin nooc ka mid ah muraayadaha sixitaanka si ay si cad u arkaan, way adag tahay in la sawirto waqti aysan muraayadaha indhaha joogin.
Agabkee ayaa asal ahaan loo isticmaalay sameynta muraayadaha?
Moodooyinka fikradda ah ee muraayadaha indhaha waxay u muuqdaan kuwo ka duwan muraayadaha daawada ee aan maanta aragno - xitaa moodooyinka ugu horreeya way kala duwanaayeen dhaqan ilaa dhaqan.
Hal-abuurayaal kala duwan ayaa lahaa fikrado u gaar ah oo ku saabsan sida loo horumariyo aragga iyagoo adeegsanaya agab gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, Roomaankii hore waxay yaqaaneen sida loo sameeyo galaas waxayna u isticmaaleen agabkaas si ay u abuuraan nooc u gaar ah oo muraayadaha indhaha ah.
Hal-abuurayaashii Talyaaniga ayaa dhawaan ogaaday in dhagaxa dhagaxa ah laga dhigi karo mid wareegsan ama mid wareegsan si loogu bixiyo qalab muuqaal oo kala duwan kuwa qaba naafonimo aragga oo kala duwan.
Maanta, muraayadaha indhaha badanaa waa balaastik ama galaas, muraayadaha waxaa laga samayn karaa bir, balaastik, alwaax iyo xitaa qaxwo (maya, Starbucks ma iibinayso muraayadaha indhaha - weli si kastaba ha ahaatee).
Horumarka muraayadaha indhaha
Muraayadaha indhaha ee ugu horreeyay waxay ahaayeen xal hal cabbir ah oo dhammaantiis ku habboon, laakiin taasi hubaal ma aha kiiska maanta.
Sababtoo ah dadku waxay leeyihiin noocyo kala duwan oo dhibaatooyin aragga ah -miyir-beelid(aragtida fog),hyperopia(aragtida fog),aragtida astigmatism-ka,amblyopia(isha caajiska ah) iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan - muraayadaha indhaha ee kala duwan hadda waxay saxaan khaladaadkan soo noqnoqda.
Kuwa soo socda waa qaar ka mid ah siyaabaha muraayadaha indhaha u horumareen oo ay u horumareen waqti ka dib:
Bifocals:Iyadoo muraayadaha indhaha ee convex ay caawiyaan kuwa qaba myopia iyoMuraayado qaloocanSax hyperopia iyo presbyopia, ma jirin xal keliya oo lagu caawin karo kuwa la ildaran labada nooc ee aragga la'aanta ah ilaa 1784. Mahadsanid, Benjamin Franklin!
Saddex-geesoodka ah:Nus qarni ka dib ikhtiraacida bifocals-ka, trifocals-ka ayaa soo ifbaxay. Sannadkii 1827, John Isaac Hawkins wuxuu ikhtiraacay muraayado u adeega kuwa qaba dhibaatooyinka daran.presbyopia, xaalad aragga oo badanaa ku dhacda da'da 40 sano ka dib. Presbyopia waxay saamaysaa awoodda qofka ee uu ku arki karo meel dhow (liisaska cuntada, kaararka cuntada, fariimaha qoraalka ah).
Muraayadaha Polarized:Edwin H. Land wuxuu sameeyay muraayado polarized ah sanadkii 1936. Wuxuu isticmaalay shaandho polaroid ah markii uu samaynayay muraayadaha qorraxda. Polarization wuxuu bixiyaa awoodo ka hortagga dhalaalka iyo raaxo daawasho oo wanaagsan. Kuwa jecel dabeecadda, muraayadaha polarized waxay bixiyaan hab ay si fiican ugu raaxaystaan hiwaayadaha bannaanka, sidakalluumeysigaiyo ciyaaraha biyaha, iyadoo la kordhinayo muuqaalka.
Muraayadaha horusocodka ah:Sida bifocals iyo trifocals,Muraayadaha horusocodka ahwaxay leeyihiin awoodo badan oo muraayado ah oo loogu talagalay dadka dhibka ku qaba inay si cad wax u arkaan masaafooyin kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumariyayaashu waxay bixiyaan muuqaal nadiif ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyagoo si tartiib tartiib ah ugu socda awoodda muraayad kasta - nabad gelyo, xariiqyo!
Muraayadaha sawir-qaade: Muraayadaha sawir-qaade, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan muraayadaha kala-guurka, ku madooba iftiinka qorraxda oo gudaha ku sii jira nadiif. Muraayadaha sawir-qaadashada waxaa la ikhtiraacay 1960-meeyadii, laakiin waxay caan noqdeen horraantii 2000-meeyadii.
Muraayadaha buluugga ah ee xanniba iftiinka:Tan iyo markii kombiyuutarradu ay noqdeen aaladaha guryaha ee caanka ah sannadihii 1980-meeyadii (iyadoo aan la xusin TV-yada ka hor iyo taleefannada casriga ah ka dib), isdhexgalka shaashadda dijitaalka ah ayaa noqday mid aad u baahsan. Adiga oo indhahaaga ka ilaalinaya iftiinka buluugga ah ee waxyeellada leh ee ka soo baxa shaashadaha,muraayadaha iftiinka buluugga ahwaxay kaa caawin kartaa ka hortagga cadaadiska indhaha ee dijitaalka ah iyo carqaladaynta wareeggaaga hurdada.
Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad ogaato noocyo badan oo muraayado ah, fadlan ka eeg boggayaga halkanhttps://www.universeoptical.com/stock-lens/.