Goorma ayaa dhab ahaantii la hindisay muraayadaha indhaha?
Inkasta oo ilo badan ay sheegaan in muraayadaha indhaha la abuuray 1317, fikradda muraayadaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay bilaabantay horaantii 1000 BC Ilaha qaarkood waxay sidoo kale sheeganayaan in Benjamin Franklin uu hindisay muraayadaha, iyo inta uu abuuray bifocals, hal-abuurahan caanka ah looma xisaabin karo abuurista muraayadaha guud.
Dunida oo 60% dadku ay u baahan yihiin nooc ka mid ah muraayadaha wax lagu saxo si ay si cad u arkaan, way adagtahay in la sawiro wakhti aanay muraayadaha indhaha agtooda joogin.
Waa maxay agabka markii hore loo isticmaalay in lagu sameeyo muraayadaha?
Moodooyinka fikradda ah ee muraayadaha indhaha waxay u muuqdaan kuwo ka duwan muraayadaha daawada ee aan aragno maanta - xitaa moodooyinka ugu horreeya waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqanka ilaa dhaqanka.
Hal-abuurayaal kala duwan ayaa lahaa fikrado iyaga u gaar ah oo ku saabsan sidii kor loogu qaadi lahaa aragga iyagoo isticmaalaya qalab gaar ah.Tusaale ahaan, Roomaaniyadii hore waxay garanayeen sida loo sameeyo muraayadda waxayna isticmaali jireen walxahaas si ay u abuuraan nooca muraayadaha indhaha.
Hal-abuurayaasha Talyaanigu waxay isla markiiba ogaadeen in kristanta dhagaxa laga dhigi karo convex ama concave si loo siiyo qalabyada kala duwan ee aragga kuwa qaba cillad aragga kala duwan.
Maanta, muraayadaha muraayadaha indhaha ayaa inta badan ah caag ama muraayado waxaana laga samayn karaa bir, caag, alwaax iyo xitaa kafeega (maya, Starbucks ma iibinayso muraayadaha - weli si kastaba ha ahaatee).
Horumarka muraayadaha indhaha
Muraayadaha indhaha ee ugu horreeya waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka badan hal-cabbir-ku-habboon-dhan xal, laakiin taasi hubaal maaha arrintu maanta.
Sababtoo ah dadku waxay leeyihiin noocyo kala duwan oo aragga naafada ah -myopia(aragti dhow),hyperopia(aragti fogaansho),astigmatism,amblyopia(Isha caajiska ah) iyo in ka badan - muraayadaha muraayadaha indhaha ee kala duwan ayaa hadda saxaya khaladaadkan dib u celinta.
Kuwa soo socda ayaa ah qaar ka mid ah siyaabaha muraayaduhu u horumareen oo ay u horumareen muddo ka dib:
Bifocals:Iyadoo lenses convex caawin kuwa myopia iyolenses concavehyperopia saxda ah iyo presbyopia, ma jirin hal xal oo lagu caawinayo kuwa la il daran labada nooc ee aragga ilaa 1784. Mahadsanid, Benjamin Franklin!
Trifocals:Nus qarni ka dib abuurista bifocals, trifocals ayaa soo muuqday.Sannadkii 1827-kii, John Isaac Hawkins waxa uu alifay muraayadaha u adeega kuwa daranpresbyopia, xaalad aragga oo badanaa ku dhacda da'da 40. Presbyopia waxay saamaysaa awoodda qofku u leeyahay inuu arko meel dhow ( menus, kaararka cuntada, fariimaha qoraalka ah).
Muraayadaha kala duwan:Edwin H. Land waxa uu abuuray lenses polarized 1936. Waxa uu isticmaalay filter polaroid marka uu samaynayo muraayadaha muraayadaha.Polarization waxay bixisaa awood ka-hortagga muraayadda iyo hagaajinta raaxada daawashada.Kuwa jecel dabeecadda, muraayadaha muraayadaha leh ayaa siinaya hab ay si fiican ugu raaxaystaan hiwaayadaha dibadda, sidakalluumaysiiyo ciyaaraha biyaha, iyadoo la kordhinayo muuqaalka.
Muraayadaha horumarka leh:Sida bifocals iyo trifocals,lenses horusocod ahwaxay leeyihiin awood muraayado badan oo loogu talagalay dadka ay dhibaato ka haysato inay si cad u arkaan masaafo kala duwan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumariyayaashu waxay bixiyaan muuqaal nadiif ah, oo aan toos ahayn iyagoo si tartiib tartiib ah ugu socda awoodda muraayad kasta - nabad galyo, khadadka!
Muraayadaha sawir-chromic: muraayadaha sawir-qaadista, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan muraayadaha kala-guurka, oo madoobaada iftiinka qoraxda oo si cad u joog gudaha.Lenses Photochromic waxa la allifay 1960-meeyadii, laakiin waxay caan noqdeen horraantii 2000-meeyadii.
Muraayadaha iftiinka buluuga ah ee xannibaya:Tan iyo markii kombuyuutarku noqdeen aaladaha guryaha ee caanka ah sannadihii 1980-meeyadii (maaha in la sheego TV-yada ka hor iyo taleefannada casriga ah ka dib), isdhexgalka shaashadda dhijitaalka ah ayaa noqday mid aad u baahsan.Adoo indhahaaga ka ilaalinaya iftiinka buluuga ah ee waxyeelada leh ee ka soo baxa shaashadaha,muraayadaha iftiinka buluuga ahwaxay kaa caawin kartaa ka hortagga cadaadiska indhaha dhijitaalka ah iyo carqaladaynta wareeggaaga hurdada.
Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad ogaato noocyo badan oo lenses ah, fadlan ka eeg boggayaga halkanhttps://www.universeoptical.com/stock-lens/.